LIGHTING STANDARDS

Management Policies

• 2006 NPS Management Policies -
  The Guide to Managing the National Park System
• 4.10 Lightscape Management

Building Codes and Standards

• NFPA Codes and Standards
• NESC National Electrical Safety Code
• IEEE- Standards
• IESNA 9th Edition – Illuminating Engineers Society of North America
• UL – Underwriter’s Laboratory (Product Safety)
• ASRAE / IESNA 90.1 / 2004 (Energy Efficiency)

Directives, Standards, and NPS Guidelines

• Advanced Lighting Guidelines, Report Number DOE/EE-0008, NTIS Order Number DE94005264, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC, 1993.
• International Dark-Sky Association Guidelines

Professional Guidance

Some Criteria:

• Illumination levels per IESNA recommendations (normal) and NFPA / IBC Standards (egress)
• Lighting systems should be designed to provide visual comfort at low energy cost.

Connected Lighting Loads:

• 0.7 to 1.4 W/ s.f. depending on the space function –commercial facilities at the lower end and retail at the higher end.
• Exhibit Areas: the maximum lighting power density should be 0.7 (where life cycle cost effective) watt per square foot. An increase of 0.7 watt per foot is allowed for “highlighting art or exhibits”, bringing the maximum allowable lighting power density for the exhibit space to 1.4 watts per square foot.
• Reduce connected lighting loads with carefully planned task and ambient lighting. (Ambient lighting should be utilized as a strategic method for meeting code restrictions on energy use in all types of facilities). The most energy efficient lighting installations are based on a balance of three lighting layers- ambient, task and accent lighting. The expected goal is energy-effective lighting design.

Fixtures and Components:

• Listed as defined in NEC Article 100 for application
• Complement architectural style proposed and integrate
  with structure
• Utilize fixtures (luminaires) that efficiently deliver light and are well suited to the expected tasks.
• Use high-efficiency electronic ballasts in all new fixtures.
• Incorporate appropriate lighting controls. A well-designed lighting control system has the potential to reduce lighting energy use by 30-50%.

Lamps:

• Low wattage with relatively high output lamps
• Minimize the use of incandescent lighting
• Color rendering of fluorescent lighting is very important. CRI levels above 80 are recommended.
• Comply with NEMA and UL

Value:

1. Lighting as a medium to an end – to visual comfort, user pleasure and satisfaction, and productivity over the long term.
2. Lighting design as a process. Specifically, it should be viewed as the process of integrating light into the fabric of architecture (both the architectural concept and the physical structure).

EXTERIOR LIGHTING:

1. Uplighting landscape and exterior architectural features is not acceptable. Dark night skies are a vital park resource and it is very important to protect the dark night skies and reduce light pollution. Light pollution is often caused by excessive or misdirected outdoor lighting.
2. Use lighting only when necessary (addressing safety and security issues). Timers and photocells are an effective way of maximizing light during the hours that is needed most. Direct light only where it is needed and avoid over lighting.
3. The use of white light sources increase nighttime visibility, renders landscaping more natural, and maximizes peripheral vision. Consider using Metal Halide vs. High-Pressure Sodium.
4. Specify full-cutoff luminaires to direct nearly all their light downward, thus reducing light pollution.
5. Integrate security lighting with the architecture
   (soffits, overhangs).

DAYLIGHTING DESIGN

1. A baseline profile will help establish the potential opportunities for daylighting. Achieving good daylighting is often more
   of an art than a technical, engineered solution. The eye’s perception of light is a key part of visibility. The quality of daylight and the human need for connection to daylight cannot be emphasized enough.
2. Integrate daylighting design with electric lighting, HVAC, and architectural systems. Incorporate automated daylight dimming where there is a significant amount of natural light but where turning electric lights off altogether would be inappropriate.

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